2. Mód, eszköz, ok A1C2 (159) – altémák

1. Mód, eszköz (50) 2. Ok, cél, indok (67) 3. Hatás, következmény (42)

affect verb /əˈfekt/ [T] 1 hatást gyakorol vmire/vkire, befolyásol vmit/vkit

The divorce affected every aspect of her life.

Both buildings were badly affected by the fire.

arouse verb /əˈraʊz/ [T] kivált (érzést, reakciót)

It's a subject which has aroused a lot of interest.

cause verb /kɔːz/ [T] okoz vmit; késztet vmire

The difficult driving conditions caused several accidents.

The fire was caused by an electrical fault.

The bright light caused her to look away.

give verb /gɪv/ [T] *(gave, given) 5 kivált vkiből vmit (pl. érzést), előidéz/okoz vmt [+ two objects]

What you said has given me an idea.

The sudden noise gave me quite a shock.

This announcement will give hope to millions of sufferers.

impact verb /ˈɪm.pækt/ hat/hatással van vmire/vkire

Rising interest rates are sure to impact on the housing market.

invite verb /ɪnˈvaɪt/ [T] 3 kihív, kivált (bajt, veszélyt)

Unconventional ideas often invite attack/criticism.

make verb /meɪk/ [T] *(made, made) 3 vmilyenné tesz, vmilyen érzelmet/reakciót vált ki vkiben, okoz

What made you change your mind?

He really makes me laugh.

This photograph makes me look about 80!

It makes me so angry when he says that.

This heat makes me very tired.

mean verb /miːn/ [T] *(meant, meant) 5 jelent vmit (vmi eredménye/következménye van)

Lower costs mean lower prices.

These changes will mean better health care for everyone.

Advances in electronics mean that the technology is already available.

If we want to catch the 7.30 train, that will mean leaving the house at 6.00.

produce verb /prəˈdjuːs/ [T] 2 előidéz, okoz vmit

The prime minister's speech produced an angry response from the opposition.

Her remarks produced an awkward silence.

The drug produces a feeling of excitement.

render verb /ˈren.dər/ [T] (formal) 2 tesz vmilyenné (lehetetlenné, ártalmatlanná, figyelmetlenné, stb.)

The trees rendered the road as dark as a tunnel.

She was rendered speechless upon hearing the news.

send verb /send/ [T] *(sent, sent) 3 tesz vmilyenné

The explosion sent the crowd into a panic.

Watching the television always sends me to sleep.

His untidiness sends her crazy/mad/wild.

The draught from the fan sent papers flying all over the room.

spark verb /spɑːk/ [T] also: spark off elindít, kelt, kirobbant (tüzet, vitát, tiltakozást, félelmet, stb.)

to spark a debate/protest

to spark criticism/fears

trigger verb /ˈtrɪg.ər/ [T] beindít, elindít vmit (kivált, előidéz) (eseményt, folyamatot)

Some people find that certain foods trigger their headaches.

The racial killings at the weekend have triggered off a wave of protests.

consequence noun /ˈkɒnt.sɪ.kwənts/ [C] következmény

The ship sank with disastrous consequences.

Excessive drinking can have serious consequences for a person's health.

If you neglect your relationships like that, you'll suffer the consequences.

effect noun /ɪˈfekt/ eredmény, hatás, következmény [C or U]

The accident had a huge effect on her life.

We don't know the long-term effects of this drug.

impact noun /ˈɪm.pækt/ [C usually no plural or U] 1 hatás, befolyás (vkire/vmire)

Businesses are beginning to feel the full impact of the recession.

The new proposals were intended to soften the impact of the reformed tax system.

Her speech made a profound impact on everyone.

implication noun /ˌɪm.plɪˈkeɪ.ʃən/ 1 hatás, következmény [C]

financial/health implications

This scheme has serious implications for the local economy.

outcome noun /ˈaʊt.kʌm/ [C usually no plural] eredmény, kimenetel, következmény

It's too early to predict the outcome of the meeting.

result noun /rɪˈzʌlt/ 1 eredmény, következmény (a következménye vminek) [C or U]

Most accidents are the result of human error.

Unemployment has risen as a direct result of new economic policies.

side effect noun /ˈsaɪd.ɪ.fekt/ [C] 2 mellékhatás (átv.) (nem tervezett/várt hatása egy eseménynek/helyzetnek)

One side effect of getting a new job is that I can cycle to work and I've lost a lot of weight.

spark noun /spɑːk/ [C] 2 szikra (átv.) (vminek az elindítója/okozója)

a spark of hope/inspiration

consequently adverb /ˈkɒnt.sɪ.kwənt.li/ következésképpen

I spent most of my money in the first week and consequently had very little to eat by the end of the holiday.

then adverb /ðen/ 3 akkor, ebben az esetben (vmi eredményeképp, vmi oknál fogva)

Have a rest now, then you won't be so tired this evening.

"My interview's at 9 o'clock." "You'll be catching an early train, then?"

thereby adverb /ˌðeəˈbaɪ/ (formal) ezáltal (ennek következtében)

Regular exercise strengthens the heart, thereby reducing the risk of heart attack.

therefore adverb /ˈðeə.fɔːr/ következésképpen

We were unable to get funding and therefore had to abandon the project.

thus adverb /ðʌs/ (formal) ennek következtében; ilyen módon

They planned to reduce staff and thus to cut costs.

now conjunction /naʊ/ also: now that most hogy (egy új helyzet következményeként)

Now that I've got a car I can visit her more often.

You should help in the house more, now you're older.

She's enjoying the job now that she's got more responsibility.

Phrasal verbs:

come out of sth /kʌm/ kijön/kisül vmi vmiből, vmilyen eredménye lesz

I hope something good can come out of this mess.

lead to sth /liːd/ eredményez vmit

Reducing speed limits should lead to fewer deaths on the roads.

lead up to sth /liːd/ vezet vmihez (az előzménye vminek)

The pilot had no recollection of the events leading up to the crash.

result in sth /rɪˈzʌlt/ eredményez, okoz vmit

The fire resulted in damage to their property.

set off ↔ sth /set/ működésbe hoz, elindít vmit (riasztót, bombát, zavargást, stb.)

The spark set off a massive explosion.

The announcement set off a wave of riots.

spring from sth /sprɪŋ/ ered vmiből (származik vmiből/vminek az eredménye)

Many of his problems spring from his strict religious upbringing.

stem from sth /stem/ ered vmiből (vmi eredményeként keletkezett)

Her problems stem from childhood.

Phrases and idioms:

as a consequence következtében vminek (formal)

A lot of birds died as a consequence of the oil spill.

as a result of sth következményeként vminek, vmi miatt

She died as a result of her injuries.

As a result of the pilots' strike, all flights have had to be cancelled.

breed contempt/ignorance, etc. erőszakot/tudatlanságot/stb. okoz; erőszakhoz/tudatlansághoz vezet

He believes that movies like this breed violence.

due to köszönhető, betudható vkinek/vminek

A lot of her unhappiness is due to boredom.

Due to wet leaves on the line, this train will arrive an hour late.

give rise to sth előidéz vmit

International support has given rise to a new optimism within the company.

The bacteria live in the human body but do not give rise to any symptoms.

it follows that ebből következik hogy ...

He's big, but it doesn't follow that he's strong.

make waves nagy hullámokat kelt (átv.) (kényes kérdésekkel, kritikával, stb.)

He has earned a reputation for making waves during political campaigns.

take effect hatni kezd, használ (pl. gyógyszer)

They had to wait ten minutes for the tablet to take effect.

Kommunikációs szándékok: Kiegészítendő kérdések (wh-questions) – Kiegészítendő kérdések megválaszolása

6. lecke (A1) – 16. lecke (A2) – 35. lecke (B1) – 62. lecke (B2) – 88. lecke (C1) – 107. lecke (C2)