6. Bizonyosság, kétség A1C2 (102) – altémák

1. Bizonyosság (53) 2. Kétség, zavar, bizonytalanság (49)

check verb /tʃek/ 1 ellenőriz [I or T]

Always check your oil, water and tyres before taking your car on a long trip.

I always check (that) I've shut the windows before I leave the house.

After I'd finished the exam, I checked my answers for mistakes.

The doctor will call next week to check on your progress.

know verb /nəʊ/ *(knew, known) 4 tud vmit, biztos vmiben [I or T]

I know (that) she'll be really pleased to hear the news.

I don't know whether I should tell her or not.

reinforce verb /ˌriː.ɪnˈfɔːs/ [T] 1 megerősít (átv.) (véleményt, érzést, elképzelést, stb.)

His behaviour merely reinforced my dislike of him.

swear verb /sweər/ *(swore, sworn) 3 megesküszik vmire (biztos vmiben) [T]

I could have sworn that she said she lived in Canterbury.

verify verb /ˈver.ɪ.faɪ/ [T] igazol (állítást, gyanút, stb.); ellenőriz

It was impossible to verify her statement.

certainty noun /ˈsɜː.tən.ti/ 1 bizonyosság [U]

I'm unable to answer that question with any certainty.

certainty noun /ˈsɜː.tən.ti/ 2 biztos, holtbiztos (dolog) [C]

There are no absolute certainties in life.

check noun /tʃek/ [C] ellenőrzés

The soldiers gave their equipment a final check before setting off.

We do safety checks on all our electrical equipment.

Security checks have become really strict at the airport.

conviction noun /kənˈvɪk.ʃən/ [C or U] 2 meggyőződés (vmiben); hit (vallásos)

religious/moral convictions

a deep/strong conviction

reliability noun /rɪˌlaɪ.əˈbɪl.ə.ti/ [U] megbízhatóság

The reliability of these results has been questioned.

certain adjective /ˈsɜː.tən/ 1 bizonyos vki vmiben (nincs kétsége) [never before noun]

I feel certain (that) you're doing the right thing.

Are you absolutely certain (that) you gave them the right number?

I'm not certain how much it will cost.

He was quite certain about/of his attacker's identity.

certain adjective /ˈsɜː.tən/ 2 bizonyos vmi (be fog következni/igaz)

It now looks certain that she will resign.

One thing is certain: she's not coming to my party.

How can we make certain that she sees the note?

concrete adjective /ˈkɒŋ.kriːt/ 1 konkrét (biztos/tényeken alapuló)

They think she killed her husband, but they have no concrete evidence/proof.

We've got a general idea of what we want, but nothing concrete at the moment.

confident adjective /ˈkɒn.fɪ.dənt/ 2 biztos vmiben

Are you confident that enough people will attend the event?

They don't sound confident about the future of the industry.

convinced adjective /kənˈvɪntst/ meg van győződve vmiről

My boyfriend says I'd enjoy a walking holiday, but I'm not convinced.

I'm convinced (that) she is lying.

convincing adjective /kənˈvɪn.sɪŋ/ meggyőző

a convincing argument/explanation

I didn't find the ending of the film very convincing.

definite adjective /ˈdef.ɪ.nət/ határozott, biztos

The date for the meeting - is that definite?

We need a definite answer by tomorrow.

distinct adjective /dɪˈstɪŋkt/ 2 határozott (egyértelmű, biztos)

There's been a distinct improvement in your work.

firm adjective /fɜːm/ 2 határozott, szilárd (biztos, fix, nem változó) [always before noun]

We don't have any firm plans for the weekend yet.

I'm a firm believer in equal rights.

indisputable adjective /ˌɪn.dɪˈspjuː.tə.bl̩/ vitathatatlan

an indisputable fact

positive adjective /ˈpɒz.ə.tɪv/ 4 bizonyos vmiben [never before noun]

"Are you sure you saw him?" "Absolutely positive."

I'm positive that I switched it off.

solid adjective /ˈsɒl.ɪd/ 4 szilárd, megbízható, megalapozott

This provided solid evidence that he committed the crime.

The drama course gives students a solid grounding in the basic techniques of acting.

strong adjective /strɒŋ/ 7 erőteljes, szilárd (meggyőződés, érzés, hit, stb.)

She has strong opinions/views about religion.

sure adjective /ʃɔːr/ biztos [never before noun]

"What's wrong with him?" "I'm not sure."

I'm sure (that) I left my keys on the table.

I feel absolutely sure (that) you've made the right decision.

Simon isn't sure whether/if he'll be able to come to the party or not.

Are you sure about that?

It now seems sure (that) the election will result in another victory for the government.

undeniable adjective /ˌʌn.dɪˈnaɪ.ə.bl̩/ tagadhatatlan

an undeniable fact

undoubted adjective /ʌnˈdaʊt.ɪd/ [always before noun] vitathatatlan (siker, képesség, tehetség, stb.)

The project was an undoubted success.

her undoubted ability/talent

certainly adverb /ˈsɜː.tən.li/ 1 minden bizonnyal

I'll certainly be there.

They certainly deserved to win.

She certainly knew him but I don't know how close they were.

"Do you think more money should be given to education?" "Certainly!"

conclusively adverb /kənˈkluː.sɪv.li/ egyértelműen

It is possible to prove conclusively that he was at home at the time.

definitely adverb /ˈdef.ɪ.nət.li/ határozottan, feltétlenül

Have you definitely decided to go to America?

He definitely said he'd be here.

firmly adverb /ˈfɜːm.li/ 1 határozottan, szilárdan (biztosan/fixen)

I firmly believe that we must take action on this.

specifically adverb /spəˈsɪf.ɪ.kli/ 2 kimondottan (kifejezetten/egyértelműen/részletesen)

I specifically told them that she doesn't eat meat.

The law specifically prohibits acts of this kind.

surely adverb /ˈʃɔː.li/ 1 bizonyára

Surely they'd have called us by now to say they're not coming.

undeniably adverb /ˌʌn.dɪˈnaɪ.ə.bli/ tagadhatatlanul

He is undeniably the best student we have ever had.

unquestionably adverb /ʌnˈkwes.tʃən.ə.bli/ kétségtelenül

She is unquestionably the best person for the job.

Phrasal verbs:

check out ↔ sth /tʃek/ 1 leellenőriz vmit (informal)

We'll need to check out his story.

Phrases and idioms:

a safe bet biztos tipp

Wheeler is a safe bet for a place on the team.

a sure thing biztos dolog

Death is the one sure thing about life.

be sure of sth biztos vmiben

He'll win this year, I'm sure of it.

be sure to do sth biztosan, biztos (, hogy) (megtesz vmit)

He's sure to go back there again.

beyond dispute vitán felüli, vitathatatlan

Her skill is beyond dispute.

He is beyond dispute the finest actor in Hollywood today.

beyond/without a/the shadow of a doubt kétség sem férhet hozzá (teljesen biztos)

He stole the money, without a shadow of a doubt.

bound to do sth minden bizonnyal megtesz vmit/megtörténik vmi

You're bound to feel nervous before your driving test.

If you're stressed for a long period, it's bound to affect your health.

for sure minden kétséget kizáróan (informal)

I think he's Canadian but I don't know for sure.

One thing's for sure - once the baby's born, your lives will never be the same again.

have (got) to do/be sth kell (hogy ...) (bizonyosság, meggyőződés kifejezése)

Interest rates have to come down at some point.

There's (=there has) got to be a better way of doing this.

have no doubt nincs kétsége

I have no doubt (that) I made the right decision.

I never had any doubt (that) you would win.

have no hesitation in doing sth nem habozik (vmit megtenni), habozás nélkül megtesz vmit

He had no hesitation in signing for the team.

in no uncertain terms félreérthetetlen módon/formában

I told him to go away in no uncertain terms.

know/say for certain bizonyosan tud/mond vmit (nincs kétsége)

We don't know for certain whether she's coming.

make sure (that) feltétlenül (tegyen meg vmit); meggyőződik vmiről

I'll just make sure I've turned the oven off.

Make sure you're home by midnight.

Make sure that you close all the windows before you leave.

no doubt nem kétséges (, hogy)

No doubt she'll spend the money on new clothes.

take it for granted biztosra vesz, számít vmire

I took it for granted that we'd be invited to the wedding.

there's no doubt nincs kétség

There is no doubt (that) he's a good player.

without (a) doubt kétségtelenül, egyértelműen

She is without doubt a great writer.

Kommunikációs szándékok: A bizonyosság fokainak kifejezése

7. lecke (A1) – 18. lecke (A2) – 40. lecke (B1) – 67. lecke (B2) – 91. lecke (C1) – 111. lecke (C2)