3. Együttműködés, ellenkezés A1C2 (110) – altémák

1. Együttműködés, hajlandóság (71) 2. Ellenkezés, vonakodás (39)

challenge verb /ˈtʃæl.ɪndʒ/ [T] megkérdőjelez

Children challenge their parents' authority far more nowadays than they did in the past.

decline verb /dɪˈklaɪn/ 2 visszautasít, udvariasan elhárít [I or T]

I invited him to the meeting but he declined.

He declined my offer.

defend verb /dɪˈfend/ 2 véd, megvéd (kritika ellen/az igazát, jogait, érdekeit, stb.) [T]

The newspaper's editor defended his decision to publish the photos.

They are fighting to defend their beliefs/interests/rights.

defy verb /dɪˈfaɪ/ [T] ellenszegül

Some of these children openly defy their teachers.

dismiss verb /dɪˈsmɪs/ [T] 1 elvet (ötletet, véleményt, stb.)

The committee dismissed the idea as rubbish.

object verb /əbˈdʒekt/ [I] ellenez vmit; ellenvet

He objects to the label 'magician' which he is often given.

Would anyone object if we started the meeting now?

No-one objected when the boss said it was time to go home.

oppose verb /əˈpəʊz/ [T] ellenez vmit (tervet, elgondolást, stb.)

They both opposed the plan.

Most of the local residents opposed the closing of their hospital.

The proposed new examination system has been opposed by teachers.

protest verb /prəˈtest/ tiltakozik; leghatározottabban állít, hangoztat [I or T]

A lot of people protested about the new working hours.

They protested bitterly to their employers, but they wouldn't listen.

A young girl was crying, protesting that she didn't want to leave her mother.

refuse verb /rɪˈfjuːz/ [I or T] visszautasít

I asked him to leave but he refused.

Cathy still refuses to admit that she was wrong.

She asked me to lend her some money but I refused.

He's in trouble but he's refused all my offers of help.

reject verb /rɪˈdʒekt/ [T] 1 elutasít, visszautasít (nem ért egyet vmivel/nem fogad el vmit)

The United States government rejected the proposal.

The appeal was rejected by the High Court.

The prime minister rejected the suggestion that it was time for him to resign.

defence noun /dɪˈfents/ 2 védelem; védekezés (támadás, kritika, fertőzés, stb. ellen) [C or U]

When Helen criticized me, Chris came/rushed to my defence.

She argued strongly in defence of her actions.

A good diet helps build the body's natural defences.

dismissal noun /dɪˈsmɪs.əl/ 1 elutasítás (ötleté, elképzelésé, véleményé, stb.) [U]

I was angered by his dismissal of my worries.

objection noun /əbˈdʒek.ʃən/ [C or U] ellenvetés, tiltakozás

Our main objection to the factory is that it will be noisy.

I have no objections if you want to stay an extra day.

opponent noun /əˈpəʊ.nənt/ [C] 2 ellenfél (vmilyen terv, elgondolás, rendszer, politika, stb. ellenzője)

a political opponent

Leading opponents of the proposed cuts in defence spending will meet later today.

opposition noun /ˌɒp.əˈzɪʃ.ən/ [U] ellenzés; ellenkezés

There is fierce/strong opposition to the proposed changes.

He spent two years in prison for his opposition to the regime.

protest noun /ˈprəʊ.test/ [C or U] tiltakozás, ellenkezés

a public protest against the war

a peaceful/violent protest

refusal noun /rɪˈfjuː.zəl/ [C or U] visszautasítás

Her refusal to cooperate didn't help her case.

What shocked me was his complete refusal to admit his mistake.

rejection noun /rɪˈdʒek.ʃən/ 1 elutasítás, visszautasítás (egyet nem értés vmivel/el nem fogadása vminek) [C or U]

Their rejection of the peace plan is very disappointing for the government.

resistance noun /rɪˈzɪs.tənts/ 1 ellenállás (ellentmondás vminek) (változásnak, elképzelésnek, stb.) [U]

resistance to political change

unwillingness noun /ʌnˈwɪl.ɪŋ.nəs/ [U] vonakodás

Both sides have shown unwillingness to negotiate.

arbitrary adjective /ˈɑː.bɪt.rər.i/ önkényes (döntés, választás, stb.)

an arbitrary decision

reluctant adjective /rɪˈlʌk.tənt/ vonakodó

Many victims of crime are reluctant to go to the police.

unhelpful adjective /ʌnˈhelp.fʊl/ 1 nem segítőkész

The taxi driver was rude and unhelpful.

unwilling adjective /ʌnˈwɪl.ɪŋ/ vonakodó, nem hajlandó

A lot of people are unwilling to accept change.

reluctantly adverb /rɪˈlʌk.tənt.li/ vonakodva

She reluctantly agreed to step down as managing director.

unwillingly adverb /ʌnˈwɪl.ɪŋ.li/ vonakodva

He unwillingly agreed to take her home.

Phrasal verbs:

back out /bæk/ visszakozik, visszatáncol

Nigel backed out at the last minute, so we had a spare ticket.

get out of sth/doing sth /get/ kihúzza magát vmi alól

If I can get out of going to the meeting tonight I will.

react against sth /riˈækt/ szembeszegül vmivel

He reacted against everything he had been taught.

stay out of sth /steɪ/ kimarad vmiből (vitából, veszekedésből, stb.)

It's better to stay out of their arguments.

You don't know anything about this, so just stay out of it!

turn down ↔ sb/sth /tɜːn/ visszautasít vkit/vmit

He offered her a trip to Australia but she turned it/him down.

He turned down the job because it involved too much travelling.

Phrases and idioms:

against sb's advice/wishes, etc. tanácsa/akarata/stb. ellenére

He flew there against his doctor's advice.

She sold the house even though it was against his wishes.

avoid doing sth kitér vmi elől, kivonja magát vmiből (szándékosan nem tesz meg vmit)

She managed to avoid answering my question.

be dead (set) against sth/doing sth teljesen ellene van vminek

My parents were dead set against us getting married.

They were dead against the proposed new road.

be opposed to sth vmi ellen van, ellenez vmit

We're not opposed to tax increases.

be/get stuck with sb/sth rámarad vkire vki/vmi (mások helyett tesz meg vmit)

Whenever we eat out, I always get stuck with the bill.

fall on deaf ears süket fülekre talál

Our pleas for help fell on deaf ears.

go through the motions kötelességszerűen csinál vmit

These days when we go out, I feel as though he's just going through the motions.

strong opposition/support, etc. erős ellenállás/támogatás/stb.

There has been strong opposition to the cuts.

Kommunikációs szándékok: Tevékenység felajánlása – Válasz egy kérésre – Helyeslés, helytelenítés – Ellenkezés, tiltakozás

8. lecke (A1) – 20. lecke (A2) – 45. lecke (B1) – 73. lecke (B2) – 94. lecke (C1) – 114. lecke (C2)