6. Befolyásolás, tiltás A1C2 (74) – altémák

1. Befolyásolás, beleavatkozás (45) 2. Engedés, tiltás (29)

condition verb /kənˈdɪʃ.ən/ kondicionál, szoktat vmire

The boys were conditioned to be aggressive.

enforce verb /ɪnˈfɔːs/ [T] (törvényt, szabályt) érvényre juttat, rákényszerít

It is the duty of the police to enforce the law.

force verb /fɔːs/ [T] 1 kényszerít, kikényszerít, erőszakol, kierőszakol

You can't force her to make a decision.

I had to force myself to finish the match.

I didn't actually want any more dessert, but Julia forced it on me.

impose verb /ɪmˈpəʊz/ [T] 2 ráerőltet vkire vmit (hitet, életvitelt, stb.)

I don't want them to impose their religious beliefs on my children.

We must impose some kind of order on the way this office is run.

influence verb /ˈɪn.flu.ənts/ [T often passive] befolyásol vkit/vmit, hatással van/hatást gyakorol vkire/vmire

Were you influenced by anybody at the beginning of your career?

What influenced you to choose a career in nursing?

interfere verb /ˌɪnt.əˈfɪər/ [I] 1 beleavatkozik vmibe, beavatkozik vmibe

I know he's worried about us, but I wish he wouldn't interfere.

You shouldn't interfere in other people's business.

intervene verb /ˌɪn.təˈviːn/ [I] közbelép, beavatkozik, közbeavatkozik; közbeszól vmibe; közbejön vmi

Government officials refused to intervene in the recent disputes.

Harris intervened to stop the attack.

press verb /pres/ 2 próbál rávenni vmire, nyomást gyakorol vkire [T]

The committee pressed him to reveal more information.

We pressed him for an answer but he refused.

provoke verb /prəˈvəʊk/ [T] provokál (vitát, felháborodást, stb.); kivált (pl. érzelmet), ingerel

to provoke an argument

The proposal provoked widespread criticism.

push verb /pʊʃ/ 4 sürget vkit (noszogat); próbál rávenni vmire vkit [T]

My mother pushed me into having ballet lessons.

rush verb /rʌʃ/ 2 siettet, hajszol vkit; belehajszol vkit vmibe [T]

I refuse to be rushed into making a decision.

Don't try to rush him - he needs time to think about it.

shape verb /ʃeɪp/ [T] befolyásol, alakít, kialakít (sorsot, véleményt, politikát, stb.)

Many people are not able to shape their own destinies.

My relationship with my father played a major part in shaping my attitude towards men.

He was very influential in shaping the government's economic policy/strategy.

threaten verb /ˈθret.ən/ 1 fenyeget, megfenyeget (vkit) [T]

He threatened the staff with a gun and demanded money.

He threatened to report her to the police.

urge verb /ɜːdʒ/ [T] nyomatékosan javasol, sürget vmit

Financial experts are urging caution.

domination noun /dɒm.ɪˈneɪ.ʃən/ [U] uralom, hatalom vki/vmi felett

world domination

force noun /fɔːs/ 3 befolyás, hatalom, erő [C or U]

the forces of good/evil

influence noun /ˈɪn.flu.ənts/ [C or U] hatás, befolyás

The drug companies can have a lot of influence on doctors.

At the time she was under the influence of her father.

Helen's a bad/good influence on him.

interference noun /ˌɪn.təˈfɪə.rəns/ [U] 1 (kéretlen) beleavatkozás vmibe

There have been claims of too much political interference in education.

intervention noun /ˌɪn.təˈven.ʃən/ [C or U] közbelépés, beavatkozás, közbeavatkozás (orvosi, katonai, stb.)

Without medical intervention, the child would have died.

invitation noun /ˌɪn.vɪˈteɪ.ʃən/ 2 felhívás (vmire) (provokáció/bátorítás vmire) [no plural]

It is an invitation to violence.

power noun /paʊər/ 2 hatalom (irányítás/befolyás vki/vmi felett) [U]

I've no power over him - he does what he wants to.

pressure noun /ˈpreʃ.ər/ 1 nyomás (befolyásolás) [U]

public/political pressure

Teachers are under pressure to work longer hours.

Pressure to abandon the new motorway is increasing.

The government is facing pressure from environmental campaigners.

He only asked her under pressure from his wife.

provocation noun /ˌprɒv.əˈkeɪ.ʃən/ [C or U] provokáció, bosszantás, felbosszantás

He'll start a fight at the slightest provocation.

push noun /pʊʃ/ 2 sürgetés (noszogatás) [C]

I'm sure he'll go, he just needs a little push that's all.

strength noun /streŋθ/ 4 erő (befolyás, hatalom) [U]

economic strength

threat noun /θret/ 2 fenyegetés (amivel fenyeget vki) [C]

a death threat

I was scared he would carry out his threat.

influential adjective /ˌɪn.fluˈen.ʃəl/ befolyásos, befolyással rendelkező

an influential figure in modern jazz

Phrasal verbs:

hurry up ↔ sb/sth /ˈhʌr.i/ siettet/sürget vkit/vmit

Could you hurry the children up, or their dinner will get cold?

lean on sb /liːn/ rászorít vkit vmire

I suspect that he took the decision because he was leant on.

reduce sb to sth/doing sth /rɪˈdjuːs/ kényszerít vmibe/vmire

She was reduced to tears by his comments.

I lost my job and was reduced to borrowing money from friends.

Phrases and idioms:

a force to be reckoned with erő, amivel számolni kell (befolyással/hatalommal rendelkező vki/vmi)

His Dad is a force to be reckoned with.

a hold on/over sth/sb befolyás vkire/vmire, hatalom

Their company has a strong hold on the computer market.

be a bad/good influence (on sb) rossz/jó hatás (vkire)

Television can be a bad influence on children.

be at the mercy of sb/sth vki/vmi kénye-kedvének kiszolgáltatva

Farmers are often at the mercy of the weather.

be none of sb's business semmi köze hozzá, nem tartozik rá

I'm certainly not going to tell Lara how much money I've spent - it's none of her business!

be/have nothing to do with sb/sth semmi köze hozzá (nem kell tudnia róla/beleavatkoznia)

I wish he wouldn't offer advice on my marriage - it's nothing to do with him.

drive sb to sth; drive sb to do sth hajt/űz/kényszerít vkit vmire

The arguments and violence drove her to leave home.

make sb do sth kényszerít vkit vmire; rávesz vkit vmire

I made him tidy his room.

You can't make him go if he doesn't want to.

make your presence felt érezteti a jelenlétét (erős hatással van másokra)

The new police chief has really made his presence felt.

mind your own business törődj a saját dolgoddal

I wish you'd just mind your own business.

poke/stick your nose into sth beleüti az orrát vmibe (informal)

You shouldn't go sticking your nose into other people's business!

pull strings protekciót vesz igénybe

I may be able to pull a few strings, if you need the money urgently.

push (sb) for sth/to do sth szorgalmaz vmit; nyomást gyakorol vkire

Local residents are pushing for the road to be made wider.

We had to push them to accept our terms, but they finally agreed to the deal.

put pressure on sb nyomást gyakorol vkire

They're putting pressure on me to make a decision.

wield influence/power, etc. befolyást/hatalmat/stb. gyakorol

People in his position wield a lot of power over our lives.

Kommunikációs szándékok: Megengedettség tisztázása – Engedélyezés, tiltás

8. lecke (A1) – 20. lecke (A2) – 45. lecke (B1) – 73. lecke (B2) – 94. lecke (C1) – 114. lecke (C2)